Reviewed by David D. Robertson, University of Victoria

Originally published as an issue of Studies in language (33:2 [2009]), which resulted from several recent conference sessions, this volume brings contact linguistics—with its customary focus on the formation of (primarily) creoles—into dialogue with other subdisciplines and how they look at change in linguistic structures. The outcome is a stimulating collection of revised, expanded essays that suggest novel viewpoints on language contact, acquisition, and historical linguistics. The contributions are grouped into two general subjects: grammaticalization, reanalysis, and relexification (four articles), and prosody (three articles), the latter an exciting recent area of creolist inquiry.

Claire Lefebvre’s ‘The contribution of relexification, grammaticalization, and reanalysis to creole genesis and development’ argues that relexification—her ‘relabelling’—is the primary force in creole creation. She proposes a separate, second stage where grammaticalization and reanalysis can apply within the resultant lexicon and are identifiable from, for example, differences of word order and form. Adrienne Bruyn, in ‘Grammaticalization in creoles’, usefully distinguishes in Sranan actual and ‘apparent’ (i.e. pseudo-) grammaticalization; ordinary (gradual) and less ordinary (abrupt) grammaticalization, demonstrating the diachronic pace of each; calquing (‘polysemy copying’) at genesis (replicating source-language polysemy patterns without diachronic grammaticalization); and reanalysis of an already grammatical item into another grammatical function (which also is not grammaticalization).

 Bao Zhiming’s ‘One in Singapore English’ convincingly argues that entire substrate structures, not mere words, are what gets transferred into nascent contact languages; Singapore English one remarkably blends Chinese morphosyntax and English usage frequencies. Steven Matthews and Virginia Yip’s ‘Contact-induced grammaticalization: Evidence from bilingual acquisition’ demonstrates the possibility that bilingual first-language acquisition explains substrate influence in contact and other situations.

Shelome Gooden, Kathy-Ann Drayton, and Mary Beckman contribute the centerpiece of this volume, ‘Tone inventories and tune-text alignments: Prosodic variation in “hybrid” prosodic systems’. This article, using a unified autosegmental-metrical framework, rigorously examines the myriad analytical issues in the relatively new subfield of contact-language prosody. Major challenges that they identify include the likelihood of parsing ambiguities in contact situations (provocatively including fieldwork); the multiple possible typological outcomes of language change; and the potential failure of citation-/elicitation-based methodologies to identify ‘an intricate interplay of prominence markers at several levels of the prosodic hierarchy’ (171). Both creolistics and mainstream research stand to benefit from their insights.

Yolanda Rivera-Castillo’s ‘Subsystem interface and tone typology in Papiamentu’ is a good case study of such issues, applying a fine-grained prosodic analysis and concluding that this creole is both a ‘tone-restricted language’ and intonational in nature. Jeff Good’s ‘A twice-mixed creole? Tracing the history of a prosodic split in the Saramaccan lexicon’ suggests a novel kind of ‘mixed’ language, wherein part of the lexicon is marked for European-like pitch accent and part for African-like tone. He provides a compelling argument that this split represents post-genesis language mixing by Maroons wishing to establish a separate group identity.

The minor shortcomings of this volume are simply typical of collections of articles: less than optimal cross-referencing, sparse indexing, separate bibliographies rather than a master reference list, and idiosyncratic unexplained abbreviations.

Reviewed byJason Doroga, University of Wisconsin-Madison

This slim volume is a reprint of an 1891 monograph that was originally conceived as a multi-volume series on the grammar of Old Spanish. The author, Pedro de Múgica, states in the prologue that the motivation to write this grammar was to inspire the serious study of Spanish philology in his native country, which prior to the date of publication had not yet produced works of scholarship on par with nineteenth-century European philologists.

In the introduction (1–22), M describes the main phonetic and morphological differences between spoken (Vulgar) Latin and written (Classical) Latin in Iberia. He also discusses the loss of hiatic vowels (habeo > abjo) and the simplification of the case system in Vulgar Latin, and concludes with a discussion of words adopted into Old Spanish from languages other than Latin, including Arabic, Provenzal, and Basque. This monograph is limited to Old Spanish phonetics, but was part of a larger project, judging from the scope of the introduction.

Before describing the historical development of the Spanish sound system, M briefly discusses the conditions of sound change, including word stress and syllable structure (23–26). The next section (27–40) addresses the development of Spanish tonic and atonic vowels, followed by a discussion of the Spanish consonants, with a special emphasis on the development of the palatal consonants (40–73). M’s treatment of these sound changes is systematic and comprehensive. For example, he notes that a short, tonic Latin ‘o’ regularly produces a diphthong except when it appears before a yod (e.g. cornu > ‘cuerno’ but folia > ‘hoja’). The final section (73–86) presents dialectal variation attested in Old Spanish documents, including the diphthong ‘ou’ in Western dialects (e.g. couce for cauce), the elision of the dental fricative orthographically represented by ‘d’ in Andalusia (e.g. aentro for adentro), and the metathesis of liquid consonants (e.g. perlado for prelado). This section concludes with a list of lexical variation attested in the dialects of Bilbao and Santander. The prose is enhanced by numerous examples that illustrate M’s main points, and detailed (and oftentimes opinionated) commentary is provided in footnotes.

This work was published over one hundred years ago, yet M’s innovation and contribution to Spanish philology are evident. In particular, at a time when sound changes were assumed to be governed by universal principles of regularity, M acknowledges that phonetic variation is inherent to language and exhorts scholars not to ignore it. Throughout the text, M recognizes that Castilian lies on a broad Romance continuum and affirms that defining dialectal variation in terms of political and geographical delimitations is at best illusory.

There are details by which the modern reader will detect the age of this work. For example, no bibliographic references are included, nor is there a word index or a list of phonetic symbols, many of which differ from the modern standard International Phonetic Alphabet symbols. However, these points do not detract from the overall contribution of this volume. The book will be useful to anyone interested in the major sound changes that occurred from Latin to Spanish.

Reviewed by Abhishek Kumar Kashyap, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

This book, arising out of the ‘Edges in Syntax’ conference (Cyprus, 2006), deals with the syntactic behavior of the complementizer phrase (CP) and presents a rich range of data from  a number of languages, including English, Bavarian, (Brazilian) Portuguese, Italian, Danish, Greek, Hebrew, Dutch, German, and several Romance dialects. The book comprises ten chapters: an introductory chapter and nine empirical studies. The introduction reflects on the history of the emergence of the CP, highlights its syntactic potential, and introduces the issues that forthcoming chapters of the book explore. The chapters are thematically organized and distributed between two sections.

The first section, which concentrates on subject extraction, addresses a number of issues that relate to the most controversial phenomena of grammatical theories involving the subject (e.g. extraction, control, phi-features, and raising). Luigi Rizzi begins this section with an exploration of the properties of criterial freezing, and he seeks to stimulate further research by posing questions in the conclusion and throughout the chapter. Drawing on data from Greek, George Kotzoglou addresses a few important issues that relate to subject condition and how languages manage to escape its effect. Angel J. Gallego, in his chapter, examines what Chomsky calls edges and Chomsky’s hypothesis that ‘subextraction from edges gives rise to CED effects’, with reference to what Gallego and Juan Uriagereka call edge condition, drawing on earlier research and building on earlier findings.

In a detailed discussion, Anna Roussou investigates finite and non-finite complements in English and explores the implications for the properties of the subject with particular reference to to– and that-clauses. Clemens Mayr’s chapter is concerned with exploring the significance of phi-features (i.e. person, number, and gender) in Bavarian, with a focus on how complementizer agreement interacts with long distance subject extraction. Ana Maria Martins and Jaira Nunes, in the last chapter of the section, discuss another significant aspect of subject extraction,–raising, where they focus on ‘hyper-raising’ constructions (i.e. impersonal constructions involving A-movement out of finite clause).

The second section of the book builds on the discussions in the first section to complement an understanding of the syntactic behavior of the complementizer and provide insight into its features and structures. The three contributions in this section include one on the structure of complementizers in general and two devoted to the position of wh-constituents. M. Rita Manzini studies the structure and interpretation of complementizers in several Romance languages, and Omer Preminger studies nested interrogative constructions and the position of wh-constituents in Hebrew. Jeroen van Craenenbroeck, in his chapter, explores the differences between simple and complex wh-phrases, with central attention to the idea that there are two complementizer positions: the higher phrase head and a lower one dedicated to hosting operators.

This book will be of interest primarily to generative (morpho-)syntacticians. Individual chapters will also be of significance to researchers working on and interested in the individual languages included in the book.

Reviewed by Winifred Whelan, St. Bonaventure University

This book is a fascinating study of the birth (as far as it can be known), death (or serious decline), and afterlife of Angloromani in Britain. It includes a forty-one-page Angloromani lexicon, twelve pages of predecessor expressions by origin, a full list of references, and an index. Angloromani has been researched for many years by the School of Languages, Linguistics and Cultures of the University of Manchester. This book includes the results of that research and adds valuable new content.

Britain has three distinct ethnic Angloromani minorities: English/Welsh, Irish, and Scottish. These are people who live in caravans and are sometimes called travelers. Their history reaches back to before the middle ages, but they are thought to have arrived in England from Europe in the 1400s. They have always had their own internal way of speaking, which excluded outsiders, but the language was not ‘clean’ in the sense of being totally unique to them. Romani is defined by its speakers as a separate language. However, the Romani lexicon survives only in an English framework, which leads some people to think that it is ‘a Romani-flavored variety of English’. The author agrees that at the present time it is no more than a vocabulary inserted into the morphosyntactic framework of a host language. It uses full English inflection (e.g. past tense, definite articles, possessives, suffixes, plurals).

Inflected Romani in Britain declined in the middle of the 1850s, when there was a significant integration of travelers into the Romani community. The Romani began to use the language as a way to signal solidarity among family and group members. As opposed to an everyday language, it became a context for special effect, or as a way to relax the boundaries between internal and external groups. Conversationally, lexical insertions created an in-group flavor or key of the speech act and reflected group attitudes toward the state of affairs, creating a sense of solidarity.

The Romani use Angloromani to express emotional states such as fear, depictions of faults, money, death, sex, other taboo subjects, and warnings that would be incomprehensible to outsiders. Researchers found that Angloromani is used in narration (e.g. ‘My father used to say . . ,’) when sharing a childhood scenario, in how group solidarity acts to conspire against the mainstream, and in taboos or situations that may be embarrassing or discomforting. The speakers themselves think of Angloromani as a lost language, a broken language consisting of individual words as opposed to a natural conversation. This is consistent with their self image as a broken nation that has lost an important part of its identity. Attempts to revive Angloromani generally have not been successful.

                                    Reviewed by Sharon Utakis, Bronx Community College, CUNY

Language and identities comprises a broad survey of the relationship between ‘different levels of our linguistic behavior and diverse facets of our identities’ (1). It is divided into an introduction and four sections, with a total of twenty-two chapters that vary in length, detail, and specificity of topic. Sections are arranged so that the categories of identity discussed are increasingly abstract, moving from individuals, to groups and communities, to regions and nations.

Part 1, ‘Theoretical issues’, contains three chapters by prominent language researchers. These are the most dense and abstract chapters of the book. John E. Joseph’s chapter gives an overview of the study of identity within linguistics and adjacent fields, Mary Bucholtz and Kira Hall summarize a framework for an analysis of identity within linguistic interaction, and Barbara Johnstone focuses on indexicality and how relationships between linguistic forms and identity emerge.

Part 2, ‘Individuals’, includes chapters by Jane Stuart-Smith and Claire Timmins, David Bowie, Nick Miller, Dominic Watt, and Anders Eriksson. This section is the least cohesive, with chapters on the adoption of sound changes, voice changes over the lifetime, foreign accent syndrome, speaker identification, and forensic speech science. Most of the chapters deal with the perception of speakers’ identities. Many are inconclusive but advocate for further study in these research areas.

Part 3, ‘Groups and communities’, is the strongest section of the book, with papers by Nikolas Coupland, Norma Mendoza-Denton and Dana Osborne, Emma Moore, Ben Rampton, Sue Fox, Erik R. Thomas and Alicia Beckford Wassink, Lal Zimman and Kira Hall, and Louise Mullany. These chapters problematize identity within a wide variety of groups. In general, the chapters in this section achieve the best balance of data and argumentation in the book, especially those by Coupland and Rampton.

Part 4, ‘Regions and nations’, contains the most traditional sociolinguistic work, with chapters by David Britain, Judy Dyer, Joan Beal, Carmen Llamas, Tope Omoniyi, and Robert McColl Millar. The regions covered in this section are limited: all of the regions discussed are located within the United Kingdom, with the exception of the chapter by Omoniyi, which focuses on postcolonial Nigeria.

On the whole, this book is a useful but uneven collection. In their introduction, the editors state that their goal for this book ‘is to offer firmer foundations for how and where to position identity among the external motivations appealed to in explanations of linguistic variation and change’ (5). Some of the chapters succeed in this goal, but not all. A very brief section at the beginning of each part might have been helpful, in order to make the connections between the papers in each part clearer.

Reviewed by Asya Pereltsvaig, Stanford University

This book is a collection of articles exploring the core methodological and theoretical issues in linguistic cartography. The spatial variation of language is increasingly more interesting for both descriptive and theoretical linguists, as well as geographers, cartographers, anthropologists, and others. Visualization of language in space is also growing in its significance, as it is a precondition for correct interpretation of data by sociolinguists, dialectologists, typologists, and geolinguists. Moreover, with the availability of zoomable Google maps, Google Earth, and geographic information system (GIS) tools, old-style hand-drawn maps of languages or language families are no longer acceptable. This book provides a much needed discussion of issues involving the production of high-tech, accurate, and linguistically relevant language maps. The main issues addressed are what must be considered when drawing a map and how such problems have been tackled so far.

The book consists of an introduction followed by four parts: ‘Maps and the conceptualization of space’, ‘Traditions’, ‘Computerization’, and ‘Applications’. A separate volume contains all of the maps and a bibliographic overview of all of the atlases mentioned in the handbook. This list is extremely valuable as it represents probably the most important linguistic map collection in the world.

The first part of the book contains Chs. 1–7 and addresses the principles of language mapping and their dependence on an understanding of linguistic space. Specific issues include map projection, the impact of color, the semiotic character of maps, and the concepts of physical, social, and individual space.

The second part, containing Chs. 8–17, examines linguistic cartography’s past and present state, either by language (e.g. German, Dutch, Flemish, British English, North American English, Japanese), language family (e.g. North Germanic, Romance language of Europe, Romance languages of the Americas, Slavic languages), or nation. A separate chapter is dedicated to mapping linguistic typology. While the focus of these chapters is on reporting the outcomes of individual traditions, taken together they also present an overview of the worldwide potential of linguistic data.

The third part contains Chs. 18–25 and examines such current developments in linguistic mapping as digital editions of maps, internet-based analysis, quantification, GIS techniques, and map animations. While some of the discussion is bound to become outdated rather quickly, most linguists will find it extremely useful, especially for bridging the terminological gap between linguists and cartographers.

The fourth part (Chs. 26–32) contains a wealth of information on how linguistic phenomena can be combined with non-linguistic facts, such as genetics, infrastructure, or sociodemographic variables.

This book is accessibly written and contains a cornucopia of black-and-white and full-color maps. It is a comprehensive manual serving the interests of a variety of readers and filling a gap in ongoing linguistic discourse. The separation of the handbook into two volumes—text and maps—enables maps to be referenced in more than one chapter. It also facilitates the simultaneous reading of the text and the associated maps and eliminates the need to be constantly turning pages. Most importantly, it invites the reader to flip through a wide-ranging selection of maps and to draw inspiration from them.

Reviewed by Taras Shmiher, Ivan Franko National University

John Benjamins Publishing Company has started an innovative encyclopedic project in translation scholarship under the series title Handbook of translation studies. Among various genres of    academic writing such as academic and popular books, textbooks, articles, reference literature, and online databases, this book is itself located at the crossroads of different aims. It shares the task of a reference aid (encyclopedic description), a manual (didactic use), and a bibliography (a selective presentation of contemporary information flow).

The compiling principles differ from the Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies (1998 and 2008 editions guided by Mona Baker) and Übersetzung – translation – traduction: Ein internationales Handbuch zur Übersetzungsforschung (Mouton de Gruyter, 2004–2007), whose objectives are strictly academic and directed at the fullest representation of all of the primary concepts involved with translation and interpreting. The editors oriented this book to a broader audience of students, lecturers in translation/interpreting, and experts from other disciplines. This edition has been generated in conjunction with another John Benjamins project, the online Translation studies bibliography (http://www.benjamins.com/online/tsb/), which has been available since 2004. As the editors state, they must constantly develop and adapt topical and conceptual maps of translation and interpreting research (1). The bibliography provides ample space and opportunities to categorize existing sources and prognosticate further development, and since the Handbook is available both in print and online, contributors are able to keep their entries up to date.

Seventy-three authors worldwide were invited to work on this reference book.   Eight universities boosted the project: University of the Free State in Bloemfontein (South Africa), University of Graz (Austria), University of Oviedo (Spain), University of Oslo (Norway), Institut Supérieur d’Interprétation et de Traduction in Paris (France), Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel, University of Namur and Lessius University College in Antwerp (Belgium). The edition was also strongly supervised by the International Advisory Board, consisting of experts in Translation and Interpreting Studies from nine universities in Europe, Asia, and North America.

This book contains seventy-four topical articles, peer-reviewed and written by specialists in different subfields. The coverage is multi-faceted, including, in addition to issues in translation and interpreting theory, localization, machine translation, and the Internet. Some topics are chosen extremely successfully, taking into account their freshness and brevity (e.g. networking and volunteer translators, self-translation, transfer studies). The length of the articles is relatively brief and fluctuates between 500 and 6,000 words, each with a limited reference list; in the online version, a list of further essential reading will not be limited. The book also encloses an index of subjects.

Translation and interpreting research is abundant. The institutionalization of translation and interpreting studies shapes and contributes to this abundance by way of academic curricula, national and international conferences, and policies of publishing houses. It, however, faces particular challenges in the changing world of information supply, and this project is a valuable aid for both readers and researchers.

Reviewed by Dimitrios Ntelitheos, United Arab Emirates University

This book is a collection of selected articles presented at the York-Essex Morphology Meeting at the Universities of York and Essex during 2006–2007. The book starts with an introduction by the editors and is divided into three parts, the first exploring the interface of morphology with phonology and syntax, the second with semantics and the lexicon, and the third part with psycholinguistic and developmental aspects.

In Part 1, Vassilios Spyropoulos explores the morphology-phonology interface with a discussion of case conflict in Greek free relatives, implementing a decompositional approach to case assignment. Ricardo Bermúdez-Otero and John Payne discuss the status of special clitics, arguing against theories that assign them phrasal-affix status. Ana R. Luís and Ryo Otoguro continue the discussion of clitics in European Portuguese within the framework of lexical-functional grammar. They explain the affixal properties of preverbal clitics as the result of the interaction of a morphological component and a syntactic component. Melanie J. Bell shifts the discussion to compound formation in English, showing that tests of phrasehood, such as stress assignment and lexical integrity, are unreliable and that a unified morphological analysis of all noun-noun compounds provides a more adequate analysis of their formation.

Part 2 starts with a discussion of tense features by Anna Kibort. Based on evidence from Kayardild tense marking, she shows that all morphological instances of tense are morphosemantic and that syntax is not sensitive to the tense value of the verb. Artemis Alexiadou discusses the aspectual properties Greek deverbal nominals, showing that certain nominals are interpreted as atelic and, thus, resist pluralization. Despina Kazana continues with Greek data, discussing determiner scope over noun phrase coordination within the framework of lexical-functional grammar. Kersti Börjars and Nigel Vincent discuss suppletion, the emergence of a new morphological paradigm from two pre-existing paradigms, which they show may be driven by semantic principles, based on data from Scandinavian modification. The second part of the book closes with a discussion of Archi morphology from a lexicographic perspective, by Marina Chumakina. She illustrates the development of an electronic dictionary of Archi, discussing problems associated with the lexicographic investigation of morphologically rich languages of this type.

Part 3 begins with a study of second-language clitic acquisition in Spanish by English learners. Maria J. Arche and Laura Domínguez examine the relationship between syntax and morphology by evaluating two acquisition hypotheses: the impaired representation hypothesis and the missing surface inflection hypothesis. They argue for an unimpaired narrow syntactic component, assuming that inflectional variability is caused by a deficit in phonetic form (PF) mapping. In the final article of the book, Spyridoula Varlokosta discusses the role of morphology in Greek grammatical gender assignment. She tests gender assignment to novel nouns by native speakers and concludes that formal gender-assignment rules determine marking to a great extent.

This collection is an important contribution to the current discussion of the status of morphology within grammatical components. It is essential reading for morphologists and other theoretical linguists, and for students interested in how the morphological component interacts with other linguistic components and to what extent morphological theory informs certain debates on the derivation and interpretation of linguistic strings.

Reviewed by John Ryan, University of Northern Colorado

Perception of Castilian Spanish intonation makes a case for why studies of intonation perception are necessary in explaining intonational contrasts in Castilian Spanish between (i) declarative versus absolute interrogative sentence types, and (ii) broad-versus narrow-focus sentence types. To do this, the author discusses the results of four experiments he has conducted, two for each of the areas specified above and the implications these have for current autosegmental metrical (AM) theory.

The book is organized into four chapters. Ch. 1 is introductory in nature and sets the stage for the remainder of the book in that it places the current study within the context of intonational and perception studies in general, and more specifically, in terms of those with a focus on Spanish. The chapter concludes with a brief summary of the book’s overall organization.

Ch. 2 is the first of two data chapters that is dedicated to the perception of contrasts in intonation, in this case between sentence types that are either declarative or absolute interrogative, in Castilian Spanish. Following a brief explanation of the differences in fundamental frequency (F0) that have been attributed to these sentence types, the author presents the data and his analysis of two experiments he conducted on the different phonological cues that might determine one or the other structure. Although results of both experiments suggest the primary cue in determining necessity is final F0 movement, other cues, as suggested by Experiment 2, may also play a role.

Ch. 3, the book’s second data chapter, turns the discussion over to perception of contrasts in intonation between sentences expressing broad versus narrow focus. Like the previous chapter, two experiments are conducted for this variable as well. Results of this second set of experiments confirm the need for perception studies as well as production studies in that it is not one intonational cue that determines focus type but rather a combination of cues that plays a role.

Lastly, taking into consideration the results of the four experiments that are presented in Chs. 2 and 3, Ch. 4 asserts two implications for AM theory. The first is that AM alone with its simple, binary tone distinction of H (high) and L (low) cannot accommodate the varied peak heights of Castilian Spanish that were indeed perceived by native speakers of the study. The second implication of these studies for AM is the generalizability of the latter’s compositional approach whereby resultant intonation is the sum of its various intonation contours. The author suggests that this may not apply in an across-the-board fashion for Castilian Spanish because of the redundancy in the various intonation contours found for one overriding cue that ultimately determines the type of sentence.

This book would be useful for anyone working in the area of intonation in phonological theory, particularly from the autosegmental-metrical perspective. It is also excellent reading for advanced students of Spanish phonology who exhibit an interest in the area of prosody.

Reviewed by Kanavillil Rajagopalan, State University at Campinas

This book is comprised of twenty-seven chapters that examine several aspects of language socialization, a theme that has lately attracted a growing number of researchers around the world. The book is part of the Blackwell handbooks in linguistics series, which has won wide acclaim from the scholarly community. Following an introductory chapter by Elinor Ochs and Bambi Schieffelin, titled ‘The theory of language socialization’, the remaining twenty-six chapters are  presented in five parts: ‘Interactional foundations’, ‘Socialization strategies’, ‘Social orientations’, ‘Aesthetics and imagination’, and ‘Language and culture contact’.

Tracing its roots to early insights in anthropology, the authors of the opening chapter highlight the paramount importance of socialization in child language acquisition and claim that, in the past, anthropologists paid scant attention to language. Thus, what is urgently called for is a multidisciplinary approach to language socialization research.

Many of the chapters included in this book report state-of-the-art trends in research. Olga Solomon, for instance, pleads for a thorough rethinking of the way that researchers have over the years approached the phenomenon of ‘baby talk’ (BT) and, based on evidence from autistic children, argues that what matters is not the register of BT per se but, more specifically, ‘certain kinds of BT that have facilitating and supporting properties for the development of communication and sociality’ (141). In her chapter, Leslie Moore turns the spotlight to repetition that paves the way for the formation of routines, an essential ingredient of language socialization. In their contribution, Alessandro Duranti and Steven P. Black look at verbal improvization (e.g. as in joking), drawing on variation and flexibility and its importance in ‘improvisational art genres such as jazz and freestyle in hip hop’ (459).

Shirley Brice Heath examines the role of language socialization in art and science, which has as yet been little explored and whose understandings tend to be markedly ‘different significantly across cultures’ (425). Kathleen C. Riley recognizes the paramount importance of cultural beliefs about language acquisition in shaping language socialization routines used by caregivers and educators. In her chapter, Debra A. Friedman looks at the role of language socialization in language revitalization, taking as her point of departure the claim that ‘[w]ith its emphasis on language use as a set of ideologically mediated cultural practices, the language socialization approach is well positioned to elucidate how such language ideologies are produced, reproduced, transmitted or transformed through everyday social routines’ (632), which she duly credits to Kathleen C. Riley.

This book is a valuable collection of authoritative surveys that cover practically all of the relevant topics under the rubric of language socialization. Many of the chapters also point in the direction of future trends, and the book is rounded off with a useful index of topics and names of key figures.